The story of Nawab Nouroz Khan Zarakzai and his comrades is one of sacrifice, resistance, and unwavering commitment to their cause. Their struggle against the British colonial rule and later against the newly formed state of Pakistan left a lasting impact on the history of Balochistan. This article delves into the life and achievements of Nawab Nouroz Khan, shedding light on the events leading to his execution and the subsequent fate of his comrades.
Early Life and Resistance against British Rule
Nawab Nouroz Khan Zarakzai, affectionately known as 'Babu Nouroz' among the Baloch people, was born in 1875 in the Zehri Tehsil of Khuzdar District. Coming from the Zarkzai branch of the Zehri tribe, he grew up in a region that would later become synonymous with his resistance against oppression.
In the early 1900s, Nouroz Khan served as a civil servant but resigned when his brother, Nawab Muhammad Khan, initiated an armed struggle against the British. For six years, he fought alongside his brother in the war of national liberation. Later, he vehemently opposed the annexation of Balochistan to Pakistan in the Kalat Assembly and remained steadfast in his stance until the end.
Armed Struggles and Imprisonment
From 1914 to 1932, Nouroz Khan led anti-British movements across various locations, often crossing the Afghan border. He spent significant periods in Poona, Quetta, Machh, Hyderabad, Kohlu, and Sukkur, continuously challenging the colonial authority.
During one of his imprisonments in Sukkur Jail, Nouroz Khan devised an audacious escape plan. With the assistance of a fellow prisoner named Mullah Mehr, he fashioned ropes and bags from cloth, filled the bags with mud, and successfully climbed the prison walls, evading capture. This daring escape further enhanced his reputation as a legendary figure among his followers.
The Struggle Continues
Even after the establishment of Pakistan, Nouroz Khan continued his resistance against the central government. Balochistan, at that time, comprised two parts: 'British Balochistan,' directly under British control, and the regions under the rule of Khan Kalat. Nouroz Khan opposed the One Unit policy and the arrest of Khan Kalat, igniting unrest in various parts of Balochistan.
Facing a powerful military, including the army and air force, Nouroz Khan demanded the restoration of Balochistan's autonomy, the release of Khan Kalat, and the withdrawal of troops. The armed insurgency persisted for a year, marked by intermittent negotiations that ultimately failed to address the Baloch people's grievances.
The Tragic End and Legacy
Following the failure of negotiations, Nouroz Khan and his comrades were arrested and subjected to severe torture. They were held in Qulli Camp in Quetta and later transferred to Central Jail Mach. Despite attempts to appeal their sentences, the martial law authorities denied them due process.
In July 1960, seven members of Nouroz Khan's group, including his son, were executed, while Nouroz Khan himself was sentenced to life imprisonment. The news of their execution sent shockwaves throughout Balochistan, deepening the resolve of those sympathetic to their cause.
Nouroz Khan passed away on December 25, 1965, in Hyderabad Jail. His body was buried alongside his executed comrades in Kalat, symbolizing the indomitable spirit and sacrifice of those who fought for Balochistan's rights.
Nawab Nouroz Khan Zarakzai, revered as a hero by the Baloch people, dedicated his life to the struggle for justice and autonomy. His resistance against British rule and later against the central government of Pakistan left an indelible mark on the history of Balochistan. Nouroz Khan's unwavering commitment to his principles, his daring escape from prison, and his refusal to compromise on Balochi customs and identity continue to inspire future generations. The sacrifices made by Nouroz Khan and his comrades serve as a reminder of the ongoing struggle for autonomy and justice in Balochistan.
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